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            <h1 id="seo-header">『C++&amp;C语言』C++</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="『C-C-语言』C-define-详解"><a href="#『C-C-语言』C-define-详解" class="headerlink" title="『C++&amp;C 语言』C++ #define 详解"></a>『C++&amp;C 语言』C++ #define 详解</h1><p>1.#define 的作用</p>
<p>在Ｃ或 C++语言源程序中允许用一个标识符来表示一个字符串，称为“宏”。被定义为“宏”的标识符称为“宏名”。在编译预处理时，对程序中所有出现的“宏名”，都用宏定义中的字符串去代换，这称为“宏代换”或“宏展开”。宏定义是由源程序中的宏定义命令完成的。宏代换是由预处理程序自动完成的。</p>
<p>在Ｃ或 C++语言中，“宏”分为有参数和无参数两种。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>无参宏定义</li>
</ol>
<p>无参宏的宏名后不带参数。</p>
<p>其定义的一般形式为：</p>
<p>#define 标识符 字符串</p>
<p>其中的“#”表示这是一条预处理命令。凡是以“#”开头的均为预处理命令。“define”为宏定义命令。“标识符”为所定义的宏名。“字符串”可以是常数、表达式、格式串等。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<p>#define M (a+b)</p>
<p>它的作用是指定标识符 M 来代替表达式(a+b)。在编写源程序时，所有的(a+b)都可由 M 代替，而对源程序作编译时，将先由预处理程序进行宏代换，即用(a+b)表达式去置换所有的宏名 M，然后再进行编译。</p>
<p>程序 1：</p>
<p>复制代码<br>#define M (a+b)</p>
<p>main(){</p>
<p>int s,y;</p>
<p>printf(“input a number: “);</p>
<p>scanf(“%d”,&amp;y);</p>
<p>s&#x3D;M*M;</p>
<p>printf(“s&#x3D;%d\n”,s);<br>}<br>复制代码<br>　　上例程序中首先进行宏定义，定义 M 来替代表达式(a+b),在 s&#x3D; M _ M 中作了宏调用。在预处理时经宏展开后该语句变为： S&#x3D;(a+b)_(a+b)</p>
<p>但要注意的是，在宏定义中表达式(a+b)两边的括号不能少。否则会发生错误。</p>
<p>如当作以下定义后：#difine M (a)+(b)</p>
<p>在宏展开时将得到下述语句：S&#x3D; (a)+(b)*(a)+(b)</p>
<p>对于宏定义还要说明以下几点：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>宏定义是用宏名来表示一个字符串，在宏展开时又以该字符串取代宏名，这只是一种简单的代换，字符串中可以含任何字符，可以是常数，也可以是表达式，预处理程序对它不作任何检查。如有错误，只能在编译已被宏展开后的源程序时发现。</p>
</li>
<li><p>宏定义不是说明或语句，在行末不必加分号，如加上分号则连分号也一起置换。</p>
</li>
<li><p>宏定义必须写在函数之外，其作用域为宏定义命令起到源程序结束。如要终止其作用域可使用#undef 命令。</p>
</li>
<li><p>带参宏定义</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>c 语言允许宏带有参数。在宏定义中的参数称为形式参数，在宏调用中的参数称为实际参数。对带参数的宏，在调用中，不仅要宏展开，而且要用实参去代换形参。</p>
<p>带参宏定义的一般形式为：</p>
<p>#define 宏名(形参表) 字符串</p>
<p>在字符串中含有各个形参。</p>
<p>带参宏调用的一般形式为：</p>
<p>宏名(形参表)</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<p>#define M(y) ((y)<em>(y)+3</em>(y)) &#x2F;<em>宏定义</em>&#x2F;</p>
<p>….</p>
<p>k&#x3D;M(5); &#x2F;<em>宏调用</em>&#x2F;</p>
<p>….</p>
<p>在宏调用时，用实参 5 去代替形参 y，经预处理宏展开后的语句为:</p>
<p>k&#x3D;5<em>5+3</em>5</p>
<p>程序 2：</p>
<p>复制代码<br>#define MAX(a,b) (a&gt;b)?a:b</p>
<p>main(){</p>
<p>int x,y,max;</p>
<p>printf(“input two numbers: “);</p>
<p>scanf(“%d%d”,&amp;x,&amp;y);</p>
<p>max&#x3D;MAX(x,y);</p>
<p>printf(“max&#x3D;%d\n”,max);</p>
<p>}<br>复制代码<br>　　上例程序的第一行进行带参宏定义，用宏名 MAX 表示条件表达式(a&gt;b)?a:b，形参 a,b 均出现在条件表达式中。程序第七行 max&#x3D;MAX(x,y)为宏调用，实参 x,y，将代换形参 a,b。宏展开后该语句为：</p>
<p>max&#x3D;(x&gt;y)?x:y;</p>
<p>用于计算 x,y 中的大数。</p>
<p>4.防止重复定义</p>
<p>#define 条件编译</p>
<p>头文件(.h)可以被头文件或 C 文件包含；</p>
<p>重复包含（重复定义）</p>
<p>由于头文件包含可以嵌套，那么 C 文件就有可能包含多次同一个头文件，就可能出现重复定义的问题的。</p>
<p>通过条件编译开关来避免重复包含（重复定义）</p>
<p>例如</p>
<p>#ifndef <strong>headerfileXXX</strong></p>
<p>＃define <strong>headerfileXXX</strong></p>
<p>…</p>
<p>文件内容</p>
<p>…</p>
<p>#endif<br>转载 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/shmilxu/p/4837373.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/shmilxu/p/4837373.html</a></p>

                
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